| 국문요약 |
중앙행정기관 및 유관기관을 대상으로 기록용지의 생산유형, 사용현황 및 향후수요에 대한 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 목적에 맞는 용지가 필요한 분야는 협약 및 공식서한 업무였고, 요구 특성으로는 두께 강화, 찢어지지 않아야 한다는 점과 위조방지 및 유일본 기능이 있어야 한다는 점이었음. 외교부 외교사료, 조약 및 해외 사절팀을 대면 인터뷰한 결과, 해외에서 한국으로 보낸 서한류 등에 은화(watermark)가 적용된 실물을 확인할 수 있었음.
호주 국가기록원은 기록용 보존용지에 적합한 제조 규격 및 인증 체계를 구축하고 있었음. 인증을 통과한 업체리스트가 홈페이지에 공시되며, 인쇄용지는 특정 문양을 은화(watermark)로 사용할 수 있고 인증은 2년마다 갱신이 필요하였음. 기록용 보존용지 규격에서는 재생섬유를 사용할 수 없고, 105℃/15일 조건으로 가속열화후 측정한 인열강도가 초기값의 87.5% 이상이 유지되도록 관리하고 있었음.
외교부가 현재 사용하고 있는 용지, 국내․외 관련 용지 총 19종을 분석한 결과, 대부분 용지는 목재섬유를 사용하였고, 일부 용지에 면섬유가 혼합되어 있었음. 표면처리제는 대부분 전분을 사용하였음. 외교부가 사용하는 용지 중 서한 용지를 제외하고 조약문용 및 각서교환용 용지는 형광이 있는 용지가 사용되고 있어, 일반용지와 차별화가 되지 않았음.
외교부 사용 3종은 카파 값이 5.0 이상으로 보존용지 KS M 7704 등 표준규격이 정하는 규격을 상회하였고 유사 평량의 국외 보존용지에 비하여 내구성(내절도, 인장강도, 인열강도)이 미흡한 결과를 보였음. 5개사 용지에 은화가 적용되었는데, 2개사는 호주국가기록원이 인증한 인증마크를, 1개사는 보존용지 마크를 은화로 사용하였음.
중앙행정기관 및 유관부서를 대상으로 한 설문조사 및 대면인터뷰, 해외사례조사, 외교부 사용 용지를 포함한 국내외 용지를 분석한 결과, 개발용지에서는 ① 내구성 향상(인열강도, 내절도 등), ② 보존성 강화(Kappa 값 5.0 미만 등) 및 ③ 보안성 강화(은화 적용 사례 확인)가 필요함을 알 수 있었음.
목재펄프에 면 또는 아마섬유를 25~50% 혼합하면 강도와 비용적이 향상됨을 확인하였음. 표면처리제로 PVA를 적용하면 내절도, 인장강도의 현저한 증가가 가능하나 인쇄적성을 고려하여 2.0% 이하로 낮출 필요가 있었음. 산화전분 표면처리는 원지에 비하여 MD 방향 기준으로 내절도 88%, 인장강도 27%의 향상을 가져왔고, 레이져/잉크젯 인쇄선명성 양호 및 IGT 잉크 흡유 특성이 국외 보존용지와 유사한 결과를 보였음. 시제품 제조에서는 표면처리제로 PVA와 전분을 모두 검토하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단하였음.
용지에 적용할 수 있는 보안요소는 여러 가지가 있으나, 효과 및 제조비용 등을 감안하여 시제품용지에는 은화, 돌출은화 및 색사를 적용하기로 하였음. 은화로 적용할 이미지는 중요문서용 기록용지에 적합한 상징성, 종이에 은화로 구현하기 위한 기술적인 측면 등을 고려하여 선정하였고. 돌출은화에는 보존용지 마크를 활용하였음.
평량 90, 150 및 230g/m2으로 PVA와 전분을 표면처리한 시제품 용지 6종을 제조하여 분석한 결과, ① 모든 시료가 백색도, 예비 알칼리, pH, Kappa 값, 초기 내절도/인열강도/인장강도 및 가속노화후 변색도가 제안된 제조규격(안) 충족, ② 동일 평량에서 PVA표면처리 시제품이 전분표면처리 시제품에 비해 대체로 강도 우수, ③ 가속노화후 인열강도와 내절도는 PVA표면처리 시제품이 전분표면처리 시제품보다 물성 감소정도가 적었음. 가속노화후 변색도는 제조규격이내였고, 전분을 표면사이징 방식으로 처리한 용지의 가속열화후 인열강도와 내절도는 제조규격 이내로 분석되었음. 즉, 표면사이징 방식으로 용지를 제조하면 호주 국가기록원의 가속열화후 인열강도 유지율을 충족시킬 수 있음을 확인하였음.
국내기관 설문조사 결과의 반영 여부, 시제품 용지 제안규격(안)의 충족여부, 인쇄적성, 보안요소의 효과 등을 바탕으로 평가용 시제품 용지 2종(평량 90과 150gsm, 전분 표면처리, 은화/은화+색사/색사 적용)을 선정하였음. 수요기관 평가 결과, 일반용지 또는 기존에 사용하던 용지와 비교하여 두께감이 있고, 인열강도가 개선되었으며 보안성이 향상되는 등 품질이 우수하여 가격이 적정하면 사용할 의향이 있다는 응답을 얻었음. 기술 자문을 통하여 중요문서용 기록용지의 표준 규격(안)을 확정하였음.
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| 영문요약 |
As a result of conducting a survey targeting central administrative agencies and related organizations on the production type, usage status, and future demand of archival paper, the areas that required paper suitable for the purpose were agreements and official letters, and the required characteristics were increased thickness, It had to have tear resistance and had anti-counterfeiting and unique copy functions. As a result of face-to-face interviews with the diplomatic records, treaties, and overseas mission teams of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it was confirmed that watermarks were applied to letters sent to Korea from overseas.
The National Archives of Australia was establishing a manufacturing standard and certification system suitable for archival preservation paper. A list of companies that have passed certification is posted on the website, printing paper can use a specific pattern as a watermark, and certification needs to be renewed every two years. Recycled fibers cannot be used in the archival paper standards, and the tear strength measured after accelerated deterioration at 105℃/15 days was managed to maintain more than 87.5% of the initial value.
As a result of analyzing a total of 19 types of paper currently used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, both domestic and foreign, it was found that most of the paper used wood fiber, and some paper contained cotton fiber. Most surface treatment agents used starch. Among the papers used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the exception of letter paper, paper for treaties and exchanges of memorandums is fluorescent and is not differentiated from regular paper. The three types used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs had a kappa value of 5.0 or higher, which exceeded the standard standards such as KS M 7704 for preservation paper, and showed insufficient durability (tear resistance, tensile strength, tear strength) compared to overseas preservation paper of similar basis weight. Watermark were applied to the papers of five companies: two companies used the certification mark certified by the National Archives of Australia, and one company used watermark as the preservation paper mark.
As a result of surveys and face-to-face interviews targeting central administrative agencies and related departments, overseas case studies, and analysis of domestic and foreign paper including paper used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the development paper had ① improved durability (tearing strength, tear resistance, etc.) and ② preservation. It was found that strengthening (Kappa value less than 5.0, etc.) and ③ strengthening security.
It was confirmed that mixing 25 to 50% cotton or flax fiber with wood pulp improved strength and bulk. Applying PVA as a surface treatment agent can significantly increase tear resistance and tensile strength, but considering printability, it was necessary to reduce it to 2.0% or less. Starch surface treatment improved tear resistance by 88% and tensile strength by 27% in the MD direction compared to the base paper, and showed good laser/inkjet printing clarity and IGT ink oil absorption characteristics similar to overseas preservation paper. In prototype manufacturing, it was judged desirable to consider both PVA and starch as surface treatment agents.
There are many security elements that can be applied to paper, but considering effectiveness and manufacturing costs, it was decided to apply watermark, SPAS watermark, and security fibers to the prototype paper. The image to be applied as a watermark was selected in consideration of its symbolism suitable for archival paper for important documents and technical aspects for implementing it as a watermark on paper.
As a result of manufacturing and analyzing 6 types of prototype paper surface-treated with PVA and starch with basis weights of 90, 150, and 230g/m2, ① all samples had brightness, alkali reserve, pH, Kappa No., and initial tear resistance/tear strength/tensile Strength and color change after accelerated aging meet the proposed manufacturing specifications (draft), ② At the same basis weight, the PVA surface treated prototype is generally superior in strength to the starch surface treated prototype, ③ After accelerated aging, the tear strength and tear resistance of the PVA surface treated prototype showed less decrease in physical properties than the starch surface treated prototype. The degree of color change after accelerated aging was within the manufacturing specifications, and the tear strength and tear resistance after accelerated aging of paper treated with starch using the surface sizing method were analyzed to be within the manufacturing specifications. In other words, it was confirmed that manufacturing paper using the surface sizing method can meet the Australian National Archives' tear strength retention rate after accelerated ageing.
Two types of prototype paper for evaluation (basis weight 90 and 150 gsm, starch surface treatment, watermark) based on whether the results of the survey by domestic organizations are reflected, whether the prototype paper proposal specifications (draft) are met, printability, and the effectiveness of security factors. As a result of the evaluation by the demand agency, the quality was excellent, including thickness, improved tear strength, and improved security compared to regular paper or previously used paper, and responses were obtained that they would be willing to use it if the price was reasonable. Through technical consultation, the standard specifications (draft) for archival paper for important documents were confirmed.
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